North Dakota Fair Housing
Practice Questions & Answers (2026)
Fair housing is tested on every real estate exam in the country, but North Dakota candidates must know both federal and state-level protections. While North Dakota enforces the seven federal protected classes (race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability), the North Dakota Real Estate Commission also tests how these protections apply in North Dakota-specific rental, sales, and advertising scenarios. Steering, blockbusting, redlining, and discriminatory advertising are all tested — and candidates who think they know fair housing cold often miss the state-specific extensions or the nuanced application scenarios. Review every question here carefully.
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North Dakota Fair Housing — Practice Questions & Answers
111 questions on Fair Housing from the North Dakota real estate question bank. First 10 are free — sign up to unlock all 111.
Q1. The Fair Housing Act exempts certain properties from its coverage. Which of the following is an exempt property?
Explanation
The Fair Housing Act exempts single-family homes sold or rented by the owner (without a broker and without discriminatory advertising) from its provisions. This is sometimes called the 'Mrs. Murphy' exemption for small owner-occupied buildings.
Q2. Which federal agency enforces the Fair Housing Act?
Explanation
HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development) is the primary federal agency that enforces the Fair Housing Act. Complaints can also be filed in federal court.
Q3. Which of the following is NOT a requirement for 'qualified senior housing' to be exempt from the familial status protected class?
Explanation
The 55+ senior housing exemption (Housing for Older Persons Act) requires that 80% of units have at least one resident 55 or older, NOT that all residents be 62 or older. The 62+ requirement applies to a stricter exemption for all-resident senior housing.
Q4. An agent advertises a listing using phrases that suggest the property is ideal for a specific national origin group. This is:
Explanation
Advertising that expresses a preference for or against any person based on a protected class, including national origin, is a violation of the Fair Housing Act, regardless of intent.
Q5. Under the Fair Housing Act, 'familial status' protects:
Explanation
The familial status protected class covers families with children under 18, including parents, legal guardians, and persons who are pregnant or in the process of obtaining legal custody of a child.
Q6. Steering occurs when a real estate agent:
Explanation
Steering is the illegal practice of directing buyers or renters toward or away from specific neighborhoods, developments, or properties based on their race, religion, national origin, or other protected class characteristics.
Q7. Blockbusting is the practice of:
Explanation
Blockbusting (also called panic selling or panic peddling) is the illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell by making representations that members of a protected class are moving into the neighborhood.
Q8. What is the maximum civil penalty for a first violation of the Fair Housing Act?
Explanation
Civil penalties for Fair Housing Act violations are periodically adjusted for inflation. The maximum penalty for a first violation is approximately $21,410 (amounts are periodically adjusted by HUD).
Q9. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) primarily applies to:
Explanation
The ADA applies to commercial facilities and public accommodations, requiring them to be accessible to people with disabilities. The Fair Housing Act addresses disability accommodations for residential housing.
Q10. Which of the following is a reasonable accommodation under the Fair Housing Act for a person with a disability?
Explanation
A reasonable accommodation is a change in rules, policies, or practices to allow a person with a disability to use and enjoy the housing. Allowing a service animal despite a no-pets policy is a classic example.
Q11. Under the Fair Housing Act, a landlord may legally refuse to rent to a prospective tenant who:
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