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Montana Real Estate Practice Exam
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The Montana real estate exam is administered by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation and covers Montana's prior appropriation water rights doctrine extensively — in Montana, water rights can be transferred separately from the land and are critical to agricultural and ranch properties. The state portion distinguishes between designated broker and associate broker responsibilities under Montana law. Environmental disclosure questions focus on Montana-specific issues including underground storage tanks, asbestos in older agricultural buildings, and wildfire interface disclosure.

Administered by: Montana Board of Realty Regulation · 113 questions · Passing score: 70%

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Updated May 2026 · Montana Board of Realty Regulation exam outline

📋 113 exam questions🎯 70% to pass4 hours💰 Exam fee: $85📚 70 pre-license hours required
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Free Montana Real Estate Practice Exam Questions

Test your knowledge with these Montana real estate practice questions. Each question is based on topics from the Montana Board of Realty Regulation exam and includes detailed explanations.

Q1. Which state agency regulates real estate licenses in Montana?

A.Montana Department of Commerce
B.Montana Board of Realty Regulation
C.Montana Division of Professional Licensing
D.Montana Real Estate Commission

Explanation

The Montana Board of Realty Regulation (under the Department of Labor and Industry) is the state agency responsible for licensing and regulating real estate brokers and salespersons in Montana.

Q2. In Montana, which document must be provided to a buyer or seller at first substantive contact with a licensee?

A.A listing agreement
B.A buyer representation agreement
C.The Montana Broker Disclosure Form
D.A dual agency consent form

Explanation

Montana requires licensees to provide and explain the Montana Broker Disclosure Form at the first substantive contact to inform consumers of available agency relationships.

Q3. For a real estate contract in Montana to be enforceable, it must be:

A.Notarized by a licensed notary public
B.In writing and signed by the parties
C.Recorded with the county clerk
D.Approved by a Montana licensed attorney

Explanation

Under Montana's Statute of Frauds, contracts for the sale of real property must be in writing and signed by the parties to be enforceable.

Q4. A buyer obtains a mortgage loan where the interest rate can change periodically based on a market index. This is known as a:

A.Fixed-rate mortgage
B.Balloon mortgage
C.Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
D.Wraparound mortgage

Explanation

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) has an interest rate that changes periodically based on changes in a specified index, which can cause the monthly payment to increase or decrease.

Q5. Water rights in Montana are governed by the doctrine of:

A.Riparian rights
B.Prior appropriation
C.Correlative rights
D.Reasonable use

Explanation

Montana follows the prior appropriation doctrine for water rights, meaning water rights are granted based on first-in-time, first-in-right. The person who first put the water to beneficial use has the senior water right.

Q6. The sales comparison approach to value is MOST appropriate for appraising:

A.A large industrial warehouse
B.A single-family residential property
C.An income-producing apartment complex
D.A special-purpose property like a church

Explanation

The sales comparison approach is most commonly used for single-family homes because there are generally enough comparable sales to make meaningful value comparisons.

Q7. The federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination based on which protected classes?

A.Race, color, sex, national origin, disability, familial status, and religion
B.Race, color, sex, age, disability, and marital status
C.Race, color, national origin, income level, and religion
D.Race, color, sex, sexual orientation, and disability

Explanation

The federal Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination based on seven protected classes: race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability (handicap).

Q8. A general warranty deed provides the greatest protection to the buyer because it:

A.Guarantees the property is free of physical defects
B.Contains the grantor's covenant to defend title against all claims, past and present
C.Transfers title without any warranties
D.Only covers defects that occurred during the grantor's ownership

Explanation

A general warranty deed contains the broadest covenants of title, with the grantor warranting and defending the title against all lawful claims from any source, including those that arose before the grantor owned the property.

Q9. A home sells for $285,000. The listing agent's brokerage charges a 6% commission, split equally between listing and selling brokerages. What does each brokerage receive?

A.$8,550
B.$17,100
C.$5,700
D.$14,250

Explanation

Total commission: $285,000 × 0.06 = $17,100. Split equally: $17,100 ÷ 2 = $8,550 per brokerage. To solve this, multiply the relevant values: $285,000 at 6%.. The correct answer is $8,550.. This is a common calculation on the Montana real estate exam.

Q10. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that enters buildings from:

A.Old lead-based paint deterioration
B.The breakdown of uranium in soil and rock beneath the building
C.Asbestos-containing insulation
D.Underground storage tanks

Explanation

Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas produced by the natural decay of uranium in soil, rock, and water. It can accumulate to dangerous levels in buildings, particularly basements.

Q11. Zoning regulations in Montana are enacted by:

A.The Montana Board of Realty Regulation
B.Local governments such as counties and municipalities
C.The federal Bureau of Land Management
D.The Montana Department of Revenue

Explanation

Zoning authority in Montana is vested in local governments — cities, towns, and counties — which adopt zoning ordinances to regulate land use within their jurisdictions.

Q12. A property manager's primary duty is to:

A.Maximize the property manager's own income
B.Manage the property in the best interest of the property owner
C.Represent tenants in lease negotiations
D.Set rental rates independent of the owner's direction

Explanation

A property manager acts as the owner's agent and owes fiduciary duties to the property owner, including managing the property to maximize the owner's return while complying with all legal requirements.

Q13. How many hours of pre-license education are required to sit for the Montana real estate salesperson exam?

A.40 hours
B.60 hours
C.70 hours
D.90 hours

Explanation

Montana requires 70 hours of pre-license education before a candidate may sit for the salesperson licensing exam.

Q14. A Montana licensee who represents both buyer and seller in the same transaction with both parties' written consent is practicing:

A.Single agency
B.Sub-agency
C.Dual agency
D.Transaction brokerage

Explanation

Dual agency occurs when a licensee or brokerage represents both the buyer and the seller in the same transaction. In Montana, dual agency requires written informed consent from both parties.

Q15. A buyer submits an offer to purchase. The seller makes changes to the price and signs it. This creates:

A.An accepted offer
B.A counteroffer, which voids the original offer
C.A binding contract on the original terms
D.A right of first refusal

Explanation

When a seller modifies any terms of an offer and signs it, this constitutes a counteroffer, which legally voids the original offer and gives the buyer the option to accept, reject, or counter again.

Q16. Under the Truth in Lending Act (TILA), what must lenders disclose to borrowers?

A.The borrower's credit score
B.The annual percentage rate (APR) and total finance charges
C.The lender's cost of funds
D.The appraised value of the property

Explanation

TILA requires lenders to disclose the annual percentage rate (APR) and total finance charges so borrowers can compare loan costs across different lenders.

Q17. Two people own property as joint tenants. One owner dies. The surviving owner:

A.Owns half the property; the deceased's share passes to heirs
B.Automatically owns the entire property through right of survivorship
C.Must purchase the deceased's share from the estate
D.Becomes a tenant in common with the deceased's heirs

Explanation

Joint tenancy includes the right of survivorship. When one joint tenant dies, their interest automatically passes to the surviving joint tenant(s), bypassing probate.

Q18. When performing a comparative market analysis (CMA), an agent adjusts comparable sale prices to account for differences from the subject property. If a comparable has a feature the subject lacks, the agent should:

A.Add value to the comparable's sale price
B.Subtract value from the comparable's sale price
C.Ignore the difference if it is less than $5,000
D.Add value to the subject property's estimated price

Explanation

If a comparable has a superior feature that the subject lacks (e.g., a garage), you subtract value from the comparable's price to make it equivalent to the subject property.

Q19. Steering is a fair housing violation that involves:

A.Refusing to make loans in certain geographic areas
B.Directing buyers toward or away from neighborhoods based on protected class
C.Charging different fees to buyers of different backgrounds
D.Advertising property using discriminatory language

Explanation

Steering is the illegal practice of directing prospective buyers or renters toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race, national origin, religion, or other protected characteristics.

Q20. Title insurance protects the policyholder against:

A.Future physical damage to the property
B.Undiscovered title defects and claims that existed prior to the policy date
C.The buyer defaulting on the mortgage
D.Changes in property value after purchase

Explanation

Title insurance protects against losses from title defects, liens, encumbrances, or other claims against the property that existed before the policy was issued but were not discovered at closing.

Q21. A rectangular lot measures 150 feet by 200 feet. What is the lot's area in acres? (1 acre = 43,560 sq ft)

A.0.45 acres
B.0.55 acres
C.0.69 acres
D.0.75 acres

Explanation

Area = 150 × 200 = 30,000 sq ft. Acres = 30,000 ÷ 43,560 ≈ 0.689 acres, which rounds to approximately 0.69 acres.

Q22. Under Montana law, disclosure of known environmental hazards such as underground storage tanks is:

A.Optional if the hazard is located on neighboring property
B.Required when the hazard is a known material fact affecting the property
C.Only required for commercial transactions
D.Only required if the hazard is actively leaking

Explanation

Montana's Seller's Property Disclosure Act requires disclosure of known material facts that affect the property's value or desirability, including known environmental hazards like underground storage tanks.

Q23. A nonconforming use is one that:

A.Was illegal when it began
B.Lawfully existed before a zoning change and is allowed to continue despite the new restrictions
C.Requires a variance to be legal
D.Is always prohibited after the zoning change

Explanation

A nonconforming use (or legal nonconforming use) was established legally before a zoning ordinance was enacted or changed. It is generally allowed to continue but may not be expanded.

Q24. A Montana property manager who collects rent on behalf of a property owner for a fee must hold:

A.A property management certification only
B.A Montana real estate license
C.A licensed contractor's permit
D.A notary public commission

Explanation

In Montana, collecting rent or otherwise managing property for others for compensation constitutes a real estate activity requiring a Montana real estate license.

Q25. The Montana real estate salesperson licensing exam consists of how many questions?

A.110 questions
B.120 questions
C.130 questions
D.133 questions

Explanation

The Montana real estate licensing exam consists of 133 questions — a national portion and a state-specific portion.

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Montana Real Estate Exam — What to Expect

Licensing Authority
Montana Board of Realty Regulation
Total Questions
113 multiple choice
Passing Score
70%
Time Limit
4 hours
Exam Fee
$85
Pre-License Hours
70 hours required
First-Time Pass Rate
62%
Official Website
Montana Board of Realty Regulation

What Is On The Montana Real Estate Exam?

The Montana real estate salesperson exam is administered by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation and tests both national real estate principles and Montana-specific laws and regulations. The exam contains 113 multiple-choice questions, and you must score at least 70% to pass.

The national portion covers topics that apply in every state: property ownership, land use controls, valuation and market analysis, financing, agency law, contracts, leasing and property management, transfer of title, fair housing laws, and real estate calculations. The state portion tests knowledge specific to Montana — including regulations set by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation, Montana agency disclosure requirements, and state-specific contract and closing practices.

Topics covered on the Montana exam include: Property Ownership, Agency Law, Contracts, Finance, Montana License Law. Candidates who struggle on the MT exam typically underestimate the state-specific portion — the national content is well-covered by most study materials, but Montana law questions require targeted preparation.

Official Montana Exam Content Areas

Source: Montana Board of Realty Regulation · Updated June 2026

Content AreaQuestions
National Section (Pearson VUE common outline)80 scored
Montana State Section (Board of Realty Regulation, licensing, licensee activities, condominium/landlord-tenant, foreclosure/redemption)33 scored
  • Administered by Pearson VUE (transitioned from PSI); online proctoring available as of March 2025
  • Must score 70% on each section — 56/80 national, 23/33 state; sections scored independently
  • Montana state section covers Board of Realty Regulation powers, licensing requirements, foreclosure and redemption, Statute of Frauds, and common interest ownership (condominiums)
  • Source: Pearson VUE Montana Candidate Handbook (January 2025, pub. #092700) and Montana Board of Realty Regulation (boards.bsd.dli.mt.gov)

Practice Montana questions by topic — start with Montana License Law, Agency, and Contracts to build your foundation, then work through remaining topics.

How Many Questions Are On The Montana Exam?

The Montana real estate salesperson exam has 113 multiple-choice questions. The exam is divided into a national section covering general real estate principles and a state section covering Montana-specific laws administered by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation. You have 4 hours to complete the exam.

Montana Real Estate Exam Passing Score

You need a 70% to pass the Montana real estate exam. The first-time pass rate in Montana is approximately 62%, which means preparation is essential — most candidates who fail do so because they focused on national content and underestimated the MT-specific portion. Our Montana practice exam is built specifically around the Montana Board of Realty Regulation exam outline.

Read our complete Montana exam study guide — state-specific topics, 5-week study plan, and what to focus on before exam day.

Most Difficult Topics On The Montana Exam

These are the areas where Montana candidates most commonly lose points — and a key reason why some states produce harder real estate exams than others.

Montana Board of Realty Regulation

Montana's specific licensing requirements, broker supervision rules (designated broker vs. associate broker), and continuing education mandates are tested on the state portion.

Water Rights (Prior Appropriation)

Montana uses prior appropriation for water rights, and water can be transferred separately from land. Understanding how water rights affect agricultural property transactions and title is a Montana-specific exam topic.

Environmental Disclosure

Montana's disclosure requirements for underground storage tanks, asbestos in agricultural buildings, and wildfire interface zones are state-specific topics that appear on the Montana state exam.

Designated Broker Requirements

Montana's specific rules distinguishing a designated broker from an associate broker — including supervision responsibilities and license requirements — are tested on the state portion.

Montana Real Estate Math

The Montana real estate exam includes math questions covering commission calculations, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, property tax prorations, area and volume, and appreciation/depreciation. A common example: if a property sells for $350,000 and the total commission is 6%, split equally between listing and buyer's broker, each side earns $10,500. Proration questions — such as calculating how many days of property taxes a seller owes at closing — are also common. On the MT exam, you will not need a calculator for most math questions, but you do need to understand the formulas. Practice the "T-bar" method for commission splits and the 360-day banker's year for prorations.

🧮 See all exam math formulas →

How To Get Your Montana Real Estate License

  1. 1Complete 70 hours of state-approved pre-license education covering topics required by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation.
  2. 2Submit your application to the Montana Board of Realty Regulation and pay the required fees (exam fee: $85).
  3. 3Pass the Montana real estate salesperson exam (113 questions, 70% to pass).
  4. 4Complete a background check and fingerprinting as required by Montana law.
  5. 5Find a licensed sponsoring/employing broker to activate your license.
  6. 6Complete any required post-licensing education within the timeframe set by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation.

Best Study Strategy For The Montana Exam

Start with Montana license law first. State-specific regulations administered by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation make up a significant portion of the MT exam and are not covered in most national study materials.

Master the math early. The Montana real estate exam includes questions on commission calculations, prorations, loan-to-value ratios, and area calculations. Set aside dedicated math practice sessions — don't leave it until the last week.

Take timed practice exams. The Montana exam has 113 questions within a 4 hours time limit. Simulate exam conditions to build stamina and identify weak topics before exam day.

Focus heavily on agency law. Agency relationships, disclosure requirements, and fiduciary duties are consistently among the most-tested topics on the MT exam. Understand the difference between seller's agent, buyer's agent, dual agent, and transaction broker in the context of Montana law.

Review Fair Housing thoroughly. Federal Fair Housing Act protections apply in all states, but Montana may have additional protected classes. Know both federal and Montana-specific protections cold — this topic appears on virtually every exam.

Use active recall, not passive reading. Instead of re-reading notes, quiz yourself. Use flashcards or practice questions to test retention. Research shows active recall improves long-term retention significantly compared to passive review.

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Montana Real Estate Exam — Frequently Asked Questions

How many questions are on the Montana real estate exam?
The Montana real estate exam has 113 questions divided into a national portion and a Montana-specific state portion. The passing score is 70%, and the exam is administered by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation.
What topics are covered on the Montana real estate exam?
The Montana exam covers: Property Ownership, Agency Law, Contracts, Finance, Montana License Law. The national portion tests general real estate principles; the state portion tests Montana-specific laws and Montana Board of Realty Regulation regulations.
What is the passing score for the Montana real estate exam?
You need a 70% to pass the Montana real estate exam. The first-time pass rate in Montana is approximately 62%, making targeted practice essential — especially on the state-specific portion.
How much does the Montana real estate exam cost?
The Montana real estate exam fee is $85. This covers one attempt. Retake fees may apply — check the Montana Board of Realty Regulation website for current fee schedules.
How long does it take to prepare for the Montana real estate exam?
Most candidates spend 4–8 weeks on dedicated exam prep after completing their 70-hour pre-license course. Candidates who use state-specific practice questions and timed full-length mock exams pass faster — particularly those who focus on Montana law questions tested by the Montana Board of Realty Regulation.
How long is the Montana real estate exam?
You have 4 hours to complete the Montana real estate exam. Pace yourself — flag difficult questions and return to them rather than getting stuck.
Can you retake the Montana real estate exam if you fail?
Yes. If you fail the Montana real estate exam, you can retake it. The Montana Board of Realty Regulation has specific rules on waiting periods between attempts and applicable retake fees. Check the official Montana Board of Realty Regulation website for the current retake policy.
What is the difference between the national and state portion of the Montana exam?
The national portion covers universal real estate principles — agency law, contracts, financing, fair housing, property ownership, and math. The Montana state portion tests laws specific to Montana, including Montana Board of Realty Regulation regulations, state-specific disclosure requirements, and local contract and closing practices. Most candidates find the state portion harder because general study materials under-prepare them for Montana-specific content.
What is the first-time pass rate for the Montana real estate exam?
The first-time pass rate for the Montana real estate exam is approximately 62%. Candidates who use state-specific practice questions and full-length timed mock exams significantly improve their odds of passing on the first attempt.
What math is tested on the Montana real estate exam?
The Montana exam includes math questions covering commission calculations, proration, loan-to-value ratios, area and square footage calculations, and basic financing formulas. Math typically accounts for 10–15% of the exam. A calculator is generally permitted — verify current rules with the Montana Board of Realty Regulation.

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