Zoning
Local government regulations that control land use by dividing areas into zones specifying permitted uses, building sizes, and densities.
Full Definition
Zoning is the exercise of police power by local governments (cities and counties) to regulate land use by dividing jurisdictions into districts (zones) and specifying what uses are permitted, prohibited, or conditional in each zone. Common zoning categories include residential (R-1, R-2, R-3, etc.), commercial, industrial, agricultural, and mixed-use. Zoning ordinances also regulate building height limits, setbacks (minimum distances from property lines), lot coverage, and parking requirements. Zoning is prospective — it regulates future use but typically allows existing uses that predate the ordinance to continue as nonconforming uses. Zoning is part of a comprehensive plan (master plan) that guides long-term land use decisions.
Real-World Example
A parcel is zoned R-1 (single-family residential). The owner cannot build apartments or open a commercial business without obtaining a rezoning or variance — both require local government approval.
How Zoning Appears on the Real Estate Exam
Common question types, tested concepts, and what to watch out for
Zoning is an exercise of police power (not eminent domain — no compensation required). Know the difference between a variance (exception to zoning), rezoning (changing the zone), and a nonconforming use (existing use that predates the current zoning).
Related Terms
More Land Use & Zoning Terms
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