Iowa Practice TestContracts

Iowa Contracts
Practice Questions & Answers (2026)

Contract law questions on the Iowa real estate exam test both general contract principles and Iowa-specific transaction requirements. The Iowa Real Estate Commission tests how Iowa contract law applies to purchase agreements, counteroffers, contingencies, and earnest money disputes. Pay close attention to offer and acceptance mechanics, how counteroffers extinguish prior offers, and the specific timelines under Iowa law for earnest money handling and contingency resolution. These are areas where candidates who studied nationally often apply the right concept but the wrong IA-specific timeframe or rule.

Practice Questions

Iowa Contracts — Practice Questions & Answers

139 questions on Contracts from the Iowa real estate question bank. First 10 are free — sign up to unlock all 139.

Q1. Under Iowa contract law, an offer to purchase real estate may be revoked by the buyer:

A.Only after 24 hours
B.At any time before the seller communicates acceptance
C.Only if the offer includes a revocation clause
D.Never, once the offer is submitted

Explanation

An offer may be revoked by the offeror (buyer) at any time before the offeree (seller) communicates acceptance. Once acceptance is communicated to the buyer, a binding contract is formed and unilateral revocation is not permissible.

Q2. A purchase contract contains a condition requiring the buyer to sell their current home before closing. This is known as a:

A.Financing contingency
B.Inspection contingency
C.Home sale contingency
D.Appraisal contingency

Explanation

A home sale contingency makes the purchase of the new property conditional upon the buyer successfully selling their current home. Sellers may accept such an offer with a 'kick-out clause' allowing them to continue marketing.

Q3. Novation in a real estate contract context means:

A.Adding an addendum to the existing contract
B.Substituting a new party or obligation for an original party or obligation, releasing the original
C.Extending the closing date
D.Adding earnest money to a contract

Explanation

Novation substitutes a new contract, party, or obligation for an existing one, with the consent of all parties. The original obligation is extinguished. For example, a lender may consent to substitute the buyer's name for the seller's on an existing mortgage.

Q4. Which of the following is an example of an executory contract?

A.A deed that has already been delivered to the grantee
B.A purchase agreement in which neither party has yet completed all their obligations
C.A lease that has already expired
D.A mortgage that has been paid in full

Explanation

An executory contract is one in which one or both parties still have obligations to fulfill. A purchase agreement between signing and closing is a classic example of an executory contract.

Q5. In Iowa, a buyer who discovers fraud or misrepresentation AFTER closing may seek which of the following remedies?

A.Only a refund of the commission paid
B.Rescission of the contract and/or monetary damages
C.A retroactive price reduction only
D.No remedy, as the transaction has closed

Explanation

A buyer who discovers fraud or misrepresentation after closing may seek rescission (to undo the transaction) and/or monetary damages. Fraud vitiates contracts and may provide remedies even after closing.

Q6. A lease agreement for more than one year must be in writing under Iowa's Statute of Frauds. This requirement exists because:

A.Oral leases are never enforceable
B.Written contracts prevent misunderstandings and provide a reliable record
C.Iowa law requires all contracts to be notarized
D.Leases are considered the same as deeds

Explanation

The Statute of Frauds requires leases longer than one year to be in writing because the written form reduces disputes over terms, provides a clear record, and ensures both parties have agreed to the same conditions.

Q7. Which of the following is NOT an essential element of a valid real estate contract in Iowa?

A.Mutual agreement (offer and acceptance)
B.Consideration
C.Notarization of the document
D.Legal competency of the parties

Explanation

Notarization is NOT required for a valid real estate purchase contract in Iowa. The essential elements are: mutual agreement (offer and acceptance), consideration, legal competency, legality of purpose, and must be in writing under the Statute of Frauds.

Q8. An Iowa buyer makes an offer of $185,000. The seller counters at $192,000. The buyer then offers $189,000. At this point:

A.The original offer of $185,000 is still on the table
B.The seller's counteroffer of $192,000 is still binding
C.The buyer's second offer of $189,000 is the only active offer
D.Both the seller's counteroffer and the buyer's latest offer are active

Explanation

Each counteroffer terminates the previous offer. Once the buyer made a new offer of $189,000 (a counter to the seller's counter), the seller's $192,000 counteroffer was terminated. Only the $189,000 offer is currently active.

Q9. In Iowa, earnest money deposited with a real estate broker must be placed in:

A.The broker's personal checking account
B.A federally insured trust or escrow account separate from brokerage operating funds
C.An interest-bearing account in the buyer's name
D.Any financial institution chosen by the seller

Explanation

Iowa law requires brokers to place earnest money in a separate, federally insured trust or escrow account, completely separate from the brokerage's operating accounts. This prevents commingling and protects client funds.

Q10. A contract term stating 'time is of the essence' means:

A.The contract expires at midnight if not signed
B.Deadlines in the contract are strictly enforceable and failure to meet them may constitute a breach
C.The parties must close within 30 days of signing
D.The seller has a time limit to make repairs

Explanation

'Time is of the essence' is a legal term that makes all deadlines in the contract strictly enforceable. Failure to meet a deadline — such as a closing date — may constitute a material breach of contract, giving the other party remedies including termination.

Q11. Which of the following BEST describes an option contract in real estate?

A.A contract requiring the buyer to purchase and the seller to sell at a set price
B.A unilateral contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase within a set time for a fee
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