Montana Finance
Practice Questions & Answers (2026)

Finance questions on the Montana real estate exam cover mortgage types, loan-to-value ratios, qualifying ratios, and federal lending laws. The Montana Board of Realty Regulation tests both the mechanics of real estate financing and the regulatory framework — particularly RESPA, TILA (Truth in Lending), and the TRID rules that govern loan disclosures. Montana candidates often lose points on financing questions because they understand the concept but miss the specific numerical thresholds or disclosure timing requirements that appear on the MT exam. Pay particular attention to ARM vs. fixed-rate mortgage distinctions, the calculation of LTV ratios, and what information must appear in specific disclosure documents.

Practice Questions

Montana Finance — Practice Questions & Answers

132 questions on Finance from the Montana real estate question bank. First 10 are free — sign up to unlock all 132.

Q1. A buyer obtains a mortgage loan where the interest rate can change periodically based on a market index. This is known as a:

A.Fixed-rate mortgage
B.Balloon mortgage
C.Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
D.Wraparound mortgage

Explanation

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) has an interest rate that changes periodically based on changes in a specified index, which can cause the monthly payment to increase or decrease.

Q2. Under the Truth in Lending Act (TILA), what must lenders disclose to borrowers?

A.The borrower's credit score
B.The annual percentage rate (APR) and total finance charges
C.The lender's cost of funds
D.The appraised value of the property

Explanation

TILA requires lenders to disclose the annual percentage rate (APR) and total finance charges so borrowers can compare loan costs across different lenders.

Q3. A loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of 80% on a $300,000 purchase means the borrower is financing:

A.$60,000
B.$180,000
C.$240,000
D.$270,000

Explanation

LTV of 80% means the loan is 80% of the purchase price: $300,000 × 0.80 = $240,000. The borrower's down payment would be $60,000 (20%).

Q4. Private mortgage insurance (PMI) is typically required when:

A.The borrower has a credit score below 700
B.The down payment is less than 20% of the purchase price
C.The property is located in a flood zone
D.The loan term exceeds 30 years

Explanation

PMI is generally required by lenders when the borrower's down payment is less than 20% (LTV greater than 80%), protecting the lender in case of borrower default.

Q5. A 'due-on-sale' clause in a mortgage requires:

A.The buyer to pay all closing costs
B.The seller to pay off the mortgage when the property is sold
C.The lender to approve any property improvements
D.The borrower to make a balloon payment after five years

Explanation

A due-on-sale (acceleration) clause requires the entire outstanding loan balance to be paid in full when the property is transferred to a new owner, preventing loan assumption without lender approval.

Q6. A fully amortizing mortgage loan is one in which:

A.Only interest payments are made for the term
B.The loan balance is reduced to zero by the final payment
C.Payments increase each year based on inflation
D.The interest rate adjusts annually

Explanation

A fully amortizing loan means that regular principal and interest payments are calculated so the loan balance reaches exactly zero at the end of the loan term.

Q7. FHA loans are insured by:

A.Fannie Mae
B.The Federal Housing Administration
C.The Veterans Administration
D.Private mortgage insurance companies

Explanation

FHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, a division of HUD. This insurance protects lenders against borrower default, allowing lower down payments and more flexible qualifying criteria.

Q8. The secondary mortgage market primarily serves to:

A.Provide direct loans to home buyers
B.Purchase existing mortgage loans from lenders, freeing up capital for new loans
C.Set maximum interest rates for residential mortgages
D.Regulate real estate commission rates

Explanation

The secondary mortgage market (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae) buys existing mortgage loans from primary market lenders, providing liquidity so those lenders can make additional new loans.

Q9. A balloon mortgage typically requires:

A.Equal monthly payments throughout the loan term
B.A large lump-sum payment of the remaining balance at the end of a short term
C.Payments that increase 2% each year
D.A down payment of at least 30%

Explanation

A balloon mortgage has regular payments (often interest-only or partially amortizing), but the remaining principal balance becomes due as a large lump-sum payment at the end of a specified short term.

Q10. Under RESPA (Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act), kickbacks between settlement service providers are:

A.Allowed if disclosed to the buyer
B.Prohibited
C.Allowed up to $500 per transaction
D.Allowed if both parties consent in writing

Explanation

RESPA prohibits kickbacks and unearned fees between settlement service providers (e.g., between a title company and a mortgage broker). Such arrangements inflate consumer costs and are illegal.

Q11. A conventional loan is best described as a mortgage loan that is:

A.Insured by the federal government
B.Not insured or guaranteed by a federal government agency
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