Fair Housing

Which element is NOT required to establish a claim of disparate treatment under the Fair Housing Act?

AProtected class membership
BAn adverse housing action
CProof of discriminatory effect without intent✓ Correct
DA causal link between protected class and the action

Explanation

Disparate treatment requires proof of discriminatory intent — the defendant treated the plaintiff differently because of their protected class status. Proof of discriminatory effect (without intent) is only required for disparate impact claims.

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