Real Estate Exam Topics

Fiduciary duties, agent-client relationships, types of agency, dual agency, and disclosure requirements. One of the most heavily tested subjects on every state exam.

Contract elements, offer and acceptance, contingencies, listing agreements, breach remedies, assignment, and novation. The legal foundation of every transaction.

Mortgage types, FHA/VA/conventional loans, lending regulations (TILA, RESPA), loan qualification, secondary market, and financial calculations.

Federal and state anti-discrimination protections, protected classes, prohibited practices, exemptions, ADA requirements, and enforcement procedures.

Three approaches to value (sales comparison, cost, income), appraisal vs. CMA, depreciation types, cap rate calculations, and valuation principles.

Estates in land, concurrent ownership, deed types, easements, encumbrances, liens, zoning, and land use regulations. A foundational exam topic.

Seller disclosure obligations, lead-based paint requirements, environmental hazards, material facts, agent disclosure duties, and consequences of non-disclosure.