A Colorado investor purchases a duplex for $450,000. Each unit rents for $1,800/month. Annual operating expenses are $18,000 and vacancy is 5%. What is the cash-on-cash return on a $90,000 down payment?
Why 10.4% Is Correct
Answer C: 10.4%
Exam Tip: Real Estate Math
Math questions are formula-based. Memorize the key formulas: commission splits, proration, cap rate (NOI ÷ Value), GRM (Price ÷ Gross Rent), and LTV (Loan ÷ Value). Practice converting between annual and monthly figures.
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Key Terms to Know
The annual income generated by an income-producing property after subtracting operating expenses, but before debt service.
Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI)A lender's measure of a borrower's monthly debt obligations relative to their gross monthly income, used to evaluate loan eligibility.
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)Insurance required by lenders on conventional loans with less than 20% down payment, protecting the lender — not the borrower — against default.
Pre-ApprovalA lender's conditional commitment to loan a specific amount to a borrower, based on verified income, credit, and assets.
Math Concepts
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