Property Ownership
A North Dakota farmer purchases cropland and expressly retains ownership of the mineral rights. This creates:
AA fee simple absolute estate
BA severance of surface and mineral estates✓ Correct
CA life estate
DAn easement appurtenant
Explanation
When a property owner sells land but retains the mineral rights, the surface and subsurface estates are severed. In North Dakota, this is especially common in areas with oil, gas, and coal resources.
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