Maryland Practice TestLand Use & Zoning

Maryland Land Use & Zoning
Practice Questions & Answers (2026)

Land use and zoning questions on the Maryland exam test both general zoning principles and Maryland-specific land use controls. The Maryland Real Estate Commission covers zoning classifications, variances, special use permits, nonconforming uses, and eminent domain. Maryland's specific land use laws, including Maryland environmental regulations and local zoning ordinances, are tested in the state portion. Candidates frequently confuse variances (permission to deviate from existing zoning) with rezoning (changing the zone itself) — a distinction the MD exam tests repeatedly.

Practice Questions

Maryland Land Use & Zoning — Practice Questions & Answers

110 questions on Land Use & Zoning from the Maryland real estate question bank. First 10 are free — sign up to unlock all 110.

Q1. A nonconforming use in Maryland is a use that:

A.Has always been prohibited under local zoning
B.Legally existed before current zoning regulations were enacted but does not comply with current zoning
C.Requires a special exception to operate
D.Is permitted only in agricultural zones

Explanation

A nonconforming use predates the current zoning ordinance; it is allowed to continue but is generally not allowed to be expanded or rebuilt if destroyed.

Q2. A property owner wants to use their residentially zoned property as a daycare center. They would most likely apply for a:

A.Variance
B.Rezoning
C.Special exception (conditional use permit)
D.Nonconforming use designation

Explanation

A special exception (conditional use permit) allows a use that is not automatically permitted by right but may be approved under specific conditions by the zoning authority.

Q3. The primary purpose of a buffer zone in Maryland zoning is to:

A.Increase property tax revenue
B.Separate incompatible land uses, such as industrial from residential
C.Provide additional parking for commercial uses
D.Mark the boundary of a historical district

Explanation

Buffer zones are transitional areas between incompatible land uses (e.g., industrial/residential), reducing conflict and protecting residential quality of life.

Q4. Eminent domain in Maryland allows the government to:

A.Regulate land use without compensation
B.Take private property for public use with just compensation
C.Impose deed restrictions on private land
D.Require property owners to sell to adjacent landowners

Explanation

Eminent domain (condemnation) is the government's power to take private property for public use, but the owner must receive just compensation (5th Amendment).

Q5. What is a restrictive covenant in a Maryland residential subdivision?

A.A government zoning regulation
B.A private deed restriction imposed by a developer limiting how property may be used
C.An environmental easement along a waterway
D.A building permit condition imposed by the county

Explanation

Restrictive covenants are private contractual limitations placed in deeds by developers to control land use within a subdivision (e.g., no fences above 4 feet).

Q6. The Maryland Critical Area law protects:

A.Farmland in western Maryland
B.Land within 1,000 feet of the mean high-water line of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries
C.Historic districts in Baltimore City
D.Wetlands more than one mile from any waterway

Explanation

The Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays Critical Area Law regulates development within 1,000 feet of the mean high-water line of the Bay and its tidal tributaries.

Q7. A setback requirement in zoning regulations refers to:

A.The maximum building height allowed
B.The minimum distance a structure must be built from property lines or streets
C.The required parking spaces per dwelling unit
D.The minimum lot size for residential construction

Explanation

Setbacks specify how far a building must be set back from property lines, streets, or other features, ensuring open space and preventing encroachment.

Q8. Maryland's Smart Growth policies were designed to:

A.Encourage sprawl development on rural land
B.Concentrate development in Priority Funding Areas to protect rural land and reduce sprawl
C.Eliminate all zoning restrictions in urban areas
D.Require all new development to be within 5 miles of an interstate highway

Explanation

Maryland's Smart Growth Act directs state funds to Priority Funding Areas (PFAs), encouraging infill and revitalization while discouraging sprawl into rural and agricultural land.

Q9. In Maryland, the primary authority for land use planning and zoning rests with:

A.MREC
B.Local county and municipal governments
C.The Maryland Department of Planning (MDP) exclusively
D.The federal government

Explanation

In Maryland, land use planning and zoning authority is primarily a local government function exercised by counties and municipalities.

Q10. A Maryland property owner wants to use their residentially zoned property as a day care center. They would most likely need:

A.A variance
B.A rezoning or special exception/conditional use permit
C.Only a building permit
D.Approval from MREC

Explanation

Operating a day care center in a residential zone typically requires a special exception or conditional use permit, which allows uses not listed as permitted by right in the zone.

Q11. A nonconforming use in Maryland is best defined as:

A.A use that violates deed restrictions
B.A legal use that existed before a zoning change and is allowed to continue
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