New Hampshire Practice TestLand Use & Zoning

New Hampshire Land Use & Zoning
Practice Questions & Answers (2026)

Land use and zoning questions on the New Hampshire exam test both general zoning principles and New Hampshire-specific land use controls. The New Hampshire Real Estate Commission covers zoning classifications, variances, special use permits, nonconforming uses, and eminent domain. New Hampshire's specific land use laws, including New Hampshire environmental regulations and local zoning ordinances, are tested in the state portion. Candidates frequently confuse variances (permission to deviate from existing zoning) with rezoning (changing the zone itself) — a distinction the NH exam tests repeatedly.

Practice Questions

New Hampshire Land Use & Zoning — Practice Questions & Answers

109 questions on Land Use & Zoning from the New Hampshire real estate question bank. First 10 are free — sign up to unlock all 109.

Q1. A nonconforming use in New Hampshire is best defined as:

A.A use that violates the current zoning ordinance but legally existed before the ordinance was enacted
B.A use that requires a special exception from the zoning board
C.A use that was never legally permitted
D.A commercial use in a residential zone that received a variance

Explanation

A nonconforming use is a land use that was lawfully established before the current zoning ordinance was enacted but no longer conforms to the new zoning requirements. It may continue but generally cannot be expanded.

Q2. In New Hampshire, zoning ordinances are adopted and enforced by:

A.The state legislature
B.Individual municipalities under the authority of RSA Chapter 674
C.County commissioners
D.The NH Office of Planning and Development statewide

Explanation

Zoning in New Hampshire is a local function. Municipalities adopt zoning ordinances under the authority granted by RSA Chapter 674, the New Hampshire Planning and Land Use Regulation statutes.

Q3. A New Hampshire property owner wishes to build a garage that is 2 feet closer to the lot line than the zoning setback allows. The owner should apply for a:

A.Rezoning
B.Special exception
C.Variance
D.Conditional use permit

Explanation

A variance is relief from a specific dimensional or use requirement in a zoning ordinance, such as a setback. The applicant must show undue hardship unique to the property.

Q4. The New Hampshire Zoning Board of Adjustment (ZBA) has authority to:

A.Amend the text of the zoning ordinance
B.Grant variances, special exceptions, and hear appeals from zoning officer decisions
C.Condemn property for public use
D.Adopt new subdivision regulations

Explanation

The ZBA hears applications for variances, special exceptions, and equitable waivers, and hears administrative appeals from zoning enforcement officer decisions. It cannot amend the ordinance or exercise eminent domain.

Q5. Eminent domain in New Hampshire allows the government to take private property for public use provided:

A.The property owner agrees to the taking
B.Just compensation is paid to the property owner
C.The property is vacant land only
D.A court order is obtained from the NHREC

Explanation

Under the Fifth Amendment and NH Constitution Part 1, Article 12, the government may take private property for public use through eminent domain (condemnation), but must pay just compensation (fair market value) to the owner.

Q6. A special exception (or special use permit) in New Hampshire differs from a variance in that it:

A.Requires no showing of hardship and allows a use expressly permitted by the ordinance under specific conditions
B.Overrides the zoning ordinance entirely
C.Is granted only for commercial properties
D.Requires state legislative approval

Explanation

A special exception allows a use that the ordinance specifically permits but only under certain conditions set by the ZBA. No hardship showing is required — the use is already contemplated in the ordinance.

Q7. New Hampshire's Regional Planning Commissions assist municipalities by:

A.Enforcing local zoning ordinances
B.Providing technical planning assistance and developing regional land use plans
C.Levying regional property taxes
D.Issuing building permits

Explanation

NH's nine Regional Planning Commissions provide technical planning assistance, conduct regional studies, and develop regional master plans to help coordinate land use across municipal boundaries.

Q8. Under New Hampshire subdivision regulations, a developer dividing land into four or more lots typically must obtain approval from the:

A.NHREC
B.Local planning board
C.County register of deeds directly
D.NH Department of Transportation

Explanation

Subdivision of land in New Hampshire requires approval from the municipal planning board under RSA 674:35. The planning board reviews lot dimensions, road access, utilities, and environmental impacts.

Q9. A conservation easement in New Hampshire permanently restricts development on a parcel to protect:

A.The easement holder's right to build on the parcel in the future
B.Natural, agricultural, scenic, or open space values
C.The owner's right to sell the property at any price
D.The adjacent municipality's tax base

Explanation

A conservation easement is a voluntary legal agreement between a landowner and a qualified organization that permanently restricts development to protect conservation values such as wildlife habitat, farmland, or scenic resources.

Q10. New Hampshire's Shoreland Water Quality Protection Act (RSA 483-B) regulates development within how many feet of public waters?

A.100 feet
B.250 feet
C.400 feet
D.500 feet

Explanation

RSA 483-B (the Shoreland Water Quality Protection Act) regulates development and land disturbance within 400 feet of the reference line of public water bodies to protect water quality and natural shoreland buffers.

Q11. A 'taking' in land use law that reduces property value so significantly it effectively deprives the owner of all economic use is called a:

A.Variance
B.Regulatory taking
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