Property ValuationIntermediateCalifornia Exam

What is a 'land residual' in real estate investment analysis?

ALeftover land after a subdivision, per standard California valuation practice
BThe portion of net operating income attributable to the land after deducting the return on building improvementsCorrect
CUndeveloped land at the edge of a project, under standard appraisal methodology
DLand that cannot be developed due to environmental restrictions, as typically applied in a comparative market analysis

Why The portion of net operating income attributable to the land after deducting the return on building improvements Is Correct

Answer B: The portion of net operating income attributable to the land after deducting the return on building improvements

In investment analysis, the land residual technique allocates income between land and improvements. The income attributable to improvements is deducted first (based on their value × required return), and the remainder (the residual) is attributed to the land.

Exam Tip: Property Valuation

Valuation questions focus on the three approaches to value: sales comparison, cost, and income. Know which approach is best for which property type. The income approach uses cap rate and NOI — memorize these formulas.

Key Property Valuation Terms in This Question

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