Environmental

The innocent landowner defense under CERCLA is available to buyers who:

APurchased property from a government agency
BConducted all appropriate inquiries (Phase I environmental assessment) before purchase and did not know of contamination✓ Correct
CWere unaware of contamination regardless of due diligence
DPurchased the property in a foreclosure sale

Explanation

The innocent landowner defense protects buyers who conducted 'all appropriate inquiries' (AAI) before purchasing—typically a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment—and had no knowledge of contamination. This defense requires good faith and no contribution to the contamination.

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