Environmental
Vermont's 'innocent landowner defense' under CERCLA requires the property owner to prove they:
ANever knew about the contamination
BConducted 'all appropriate inquiries' (a Phase I ESA) before purchasing and had no knowledge of contamination✓ Correct
CPurchased the property after 1980
DAre not in the real estate business
Explanation
The innocent landowner defense requires the property owner to demonstrate they conducted 'all appropriate inquiries' (a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment) before purchase, had no actual knowledge of contamination, and took no action causing or contributing to the contamination.
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