Environmental
Under CERCLA, who can be held liable for cleanup of a contaminated Virginia property?
AOnly the current owner
BOnly the party who dumped the hazardous materials
CCurrent owners, past owners, transporters, and generators of hazardous substances✓ Correct
DOnly the tenant who caused the contamination
Explanation
CERCLA imposes strict, joint, and several liability on four categories of potentially responsible parties (PRPs): current owners/operators, past owners/operators at the time of disposal, transporters who selected the site, and generators of hazardous substances.
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Key Terms to Know
Right of First Refusal
A contractual right giving a party the opportunity to match any offer received before the owner can accept it from a third party.
Joint TenancyCo-ownership where two or more people hold equal, undivided interests with the right of survivorship — when one owner dies, their share passes to the surviving owners.
ZoningLocal government regulations that control land use by dividing areas into zones specifying permitted uses, building sizes, and densities.
VarianceOfficial permission to use land in a way that does not conform to the applicable zoning ordinance, granted by a zoning board when strict enforcement would cause undue hardship.
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