Environmental
A North Dakota developer plans to build on land that may have been a landfill 40 years ago. Before proceeding, they should commission at minimum a:
ATitle search only
BPhase I Environmental Site Assessment and possibly a Phase II ESA✓ Correct
CBoundary survey only
DHome inspection
Explanation
Former landfill sites pose significant contamination risks (gas migration, leachate, settlement). A Phase I ESA is the minimum due diligence, and a Phase II ESA with soil gas and leachate testing is typically needed to assess actual conditions.
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Key Terms to Know
Adverse Possession
A doctrine by which a person can gain legal title to another's land by openly, continuously, and adversely occupying it for a statutory period.
ZoningLocal government regulations that control land use by dividing areas into zones specifying permitted uses, building sizes, and densities.
VarianceOfficial permission to use land in a way that does not conform to the applicable zoning ordinance, granted by a zoning board when strict enforcement would cause undue hardship.
Eminent DomainThe power of government to take private property for public use, with the requirement to pay the owner just compensation.
Math Concepts
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