Connecticut Practice TestProperty Valuation

Connecticut Property Valuation
Practice Questions & Answers (2026)

Property valuation questions on the Connecticut exam test the three approaches to value (sales comparison, cost, and income), how appraisals work, and what affects market value. The Connecticut Real Estate Commission tests when each approach is most appropriate, how adjustments are made in the sales comparison approach, and what factors an appraiser considers vs. ignores. Connecticut candidates often struggle with income approach calculations — particularly gross rent multiplier (GRM) and net operating income (NOI) — and with the cost approach depreciation calculations. These are high-difficulty math and concept questions where careful study of the explanations pays off significantly on exam day.

Practice Questions

Connecticut Property Valuation — Practice Questions & Answers

136 questions on Property Valuation from the Connecticut real estate question bank. First 10 are free — sign up to unlock all 136.

Q1. An appraiser using the cost approach to value a property would:

A.Compare the property to recent sales of similar properties
B.Capitalize the property's net operating income
C.Estimate land value plus the cost to replace improvements minus depreciation
D.Use only the assessed value from the tax records

Explanation

The cost approach estimates value as: Land Value + Replacement Cost New of Improvements − Accrued Depreciation. It is most useful for new construction, special-use properties, and when comparable sales data is limited.

Q2. When using the sales comparison approach, an appraiser makes adjustments to comparables to account for differences with the subject property. If a comparable has a feature the subject lacks, the adjustment to the comparable is:

A.Positive (added) to the comparable's sale price
B.Negative (subtracted) from the comparable's sale price
C.No adjustment is made for missing features
D.Added to the subject property's value instead

Explanation

If the comparable is superior to the subject (has a feature the subject lacks), the comparable's price is adjusted downward (negative adjustment) to reflect what the comparable would have sold for if it were like the subject.

Q3. Economic obsolescence (external obsolescence) in an appraisal is caused by:

A.Worn-out roofing or flooring within the property
B.An outdated floor plan that no longer meets market expectations
C.Factors outside the property such as a new industrial plant nearby
D.Deferred maintenance by the owner

Explanation

Economic (external) obsolescence results from negative influences outside the property, such as proximity to a noisy highway, declining neighborhood, or nearby industrial facility. It is generally incurable.

Q4. Regression, as an appraisal principle, means that:

A.A property's value increases when surrounded by higher-valued properties
B.A higher-value property's worth is pulled down by surrounding lower-value properties
C.The market value of a property always declines over time
D.Improvements always add their full cost to the property's value

Explanation

The principle of regression states that a higher-value property placed among lower-value properties will tend to decrease in value. The opposite principle, progression, says a lower-value property benefits from being surrounded by higher-value properties.

Q5. The income approach to value is most appropriate for valuing which type of Connecticut property?

A.A single-family owner-occupied home
B.A vacant residential lot
C.An apartment building or commercial investment property
D.A historic landmark property

Explanation

The income approach is used to value income-producing properties by capitalizing their net operating income. It is most applicable to apartment buildings, commercial properties, and other investment real estate.

Q6. Capitalization rate (cap rate) is calculated by:

A.Dividing gross income by the purchase price
B.Dividing net operating income by the property value
C.Multiplying net income by the market value
D.Dividing total expenses by gross income

Explanation

Cap Rate = Net Operating Income ÷ Property Value (or Price). It represents the expected rate of return on an investment property and is used to estimate value when the cap rate and NOI are known.

Q7. A Connecticut rental property generates annual gross income of $120,000 and has operating expenses of $45,000. What is the net operating income (NOI)?

A.$45,000
B.$75,000
C.$120,000
D.$165,000

Explanation

NOI = Gross Income − Operating Expenses = $120,000 − $45,000 = $75,000. Note: Debt service (mortgage payments) is not included in operating expenses for NOI calculation.

Q8. If a Connecticut income property has an NOI of $90,000 and the market cap rate is 6%, what is the estimated value using the income approach?

A.$540,000
B.$900,000
C.$1,200,000
D.$1,500,000

Explanation

Value = NOI ÷ Cap Rate = $90,000 ÷ 0.06 = $1,500,000.

Q9. The principle of substitution in real estate appraisal states that:

A.A property's value is determined by its future income potential
B.A buyer will not pay more for a property than the cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute
C.Property values always increase over time
D.The highest and best use determines maximum value

Explanation

The principle of substitution holds that a prudent buyer will not pay more for a property than the cost of acquiring a comparable substitute. This principle underlies the sales comparison approach.

Q10. Functional obsolescence in real estate appraisal refers to:

A.Physical deterioration caused by wear and tear
B.Loss of value due to outdated design, layout, or features that no longer meet market standards
C.Value loss caused by external factors such as proximity to a landfill
D.Depreciation resulting from deferred maintenance

Explanation

Functional obsolescence is loss of value from within the property due to features that are outdated, inadequate, or in excess of what buyers currently want (e.g., only one bathroom in a large home, outdated kitchen layout).

Q11. In the sales comparison approach, a comparable sale that sold 18 months ago would typically require:

A.No adjustment because sales over 6 months are discarded
B.A time adjustment to reflect market changes since the comparable sold
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