A property owner wants to use their land in a way not permitted by current zoning. They apply for permission to deviate from the zoning requirements. This is called a:

Local government regulations that control land use by dividing areas into zones specifying permitted uses, building sizes, and densities.

Official permission to use land in a way that does not conform to the applicable zoning ordinance, granted by a zoning board when strict enforcement would cause undue hardship.

Co-ownership where two or more people hold equal, undivided interests with the right of survivorship — when one owner dies, their share passes to the surviving owners.

The power of government to take private property for public use, with the requirement to pay the owner just compensation.